海外仓是fba还是fbm

港界线以内的水域面积。它一般须满足两个基本要求：即船舶能安全地进出港口和靠离码头;能稳定地进行停泊和装卸作业。港口水域主要包括码头前水域、进出港航道、船舶转头水域、锚地以及助航标志等几部分。

　　进港航道

　　船舶进出港区水域并与主航道联接的通道。一般设在天然水深良好，泥砂回淤量小，尽可能避免横风横流和不受冰凌等干扰的水域。其布置方向以顺水流成直线形为宜。根据船舶通航的频繁程度可分别采用单行航道或双行航道。在航行密度比较小(如在日平均通航艘次≤1)时，为了减少挖方量和泥砂回淤量，经过技术经济比较和充分研究后，可考虑采用单行航道。航道的宽度一般按航速、船舶横位、可能的横向漂移等因素，并加必要的富裕宽度确定。进港航道的水深，在工程量大，整治比较困难的条件下，海港一般按大型船舶乘潮进出港的原则考虑;在工程量不大或航行密度大的情况下，经论证后可按随时出入的原则确定。河港的进港航道水深应保证设计标准船型的安全通过。

　　乘潮水位

　　船舶在通过航道(包括进港航道)的局部浅段时，由于水深不足，常利用一定的高潮位以增加航深使船舶通过。这种使船舶能在一定时间内，乘一定的较大潮位通过航道浅段的水位称为乘潮水位。乘潮水位的概念，常在设计进港航道、河口浅滩航道以及船坞坞口底面高度等的时候采用，确定乘多大的潮位时，则要结合设计代表船型的吃水、航道浅段的长度、航行速度、航行密度等，按当地实际潮位过程线进行比较选定。利用乘潮水位开挖航道，可以节省工程量，但船舶航行时间有一定限制，不能随时通航。

　　转头水域

　　又称回旋水域。船舶在靠离码头、进出港口需要转头或改换航向时而专设的水域。其大小与船舶尺度、转头方式、水流和风速风向有关。船舶凭借拖轮协助进行转头时，旋转内接圆直径一般为 。 为最大船舶总长度。船舶自行转头时，直径一般不小于 。船在流水区转头(如内河)，其回转轨迹呈椭圆形，长径随流速大小而不一样，最大可达 。在水文气象恶劣地区，上述尺度还要增加。转头水域一般可以与港内航行水域合并在一起布置。

　　转头水域的深度，在海港和河口港，最小水深一般按大型船舶乘潮进出港口的原则考虑;在内河港，最小水深一般不大于航道控制段最小通航水深。

　　港口水深

　　通常指船舶能够进出港口进行作业的某一控制水深。它是个综合性概念，并对外公布。港口水深是港口重要特征之一，表明其自然条件和船舶可能利用的基本界限。港口水域在此控制水深限制之下，各部分深度是可以不同的(实际也是如此)，具体到某一部分的深度，主要根据使用要求和经济合理性来选取。航道、转头水域、在海港常按乘潮水位考虑;港池、停泊地按最低设计水位保证率确定;各泊位可不相同。在各种水域的基本起算水位确定以后，其水深可按设计标准船型的满载吃水加上龙骨下最小富裕深度，并考虑波浪的影响、航行时吃水的增大以及回淤等确定。它们的水深按下式计算： (米)。式中： --设计标准船型满载时最大吃水(米); --龙骨下最小富裕深度(米); --考虑波浪影响的富裕深度(米); --航行吃水增大的富裕深度(米); --考虑两次挖泥间隔期间的回淤富裕深度(米)。

　　码头前水深

　　码头前在任意情况下都能保证设计标准船型满载装卸作业所要求的水深。在水深不足的沿海港口，为使较大的船舶乘潮进港后能够靠码头进行装卸作业，通常在新建码头前一定的水域范围内(一般为二倍船宽)，适当挖深，使其在设计低水位时能够达到设计标准船型满载吃水所要求的水深。

　　码头前水域(港池)

　　码头前供船舶靠离和进行装卸作业的水域。码头前水域内要求风浪小，水流稳定，具有一定的水深和宽度，能满足船舶靠离装卸作业的要求。按码头布置形式可分为顺岸码头前的水域和突堤码头间的水域。其大小按船舶尺度、靠离码头的方式、水流和强风的影响、转头区布置等因素确定。

　　开敞式港池

　　港池内水面随水位升降变化，不设闸门或船闸的港池。它是海、河港口的一种最普通的形式，是相对于封闭式港池而言的。

　　封闭式港池

　　一种建筑在潮差很大的地区，用闸门或船闸与港池外水域分隔开的港池。这种港池的优点是可使港池内的水面保持在一个比较稳定的高水位上，因而在建设港池时可以减少土方开挖量和码头建筑物的高度;可以减少泥砂淤积;保证船舶靠泊的稳定和改善货物装卸作业条件。缺点是船舶进出港口(港池)要过闸，不大方便;同时要相应增加一部分管理费用。

　　挖入式港池

　　在岸上开挖出来的港池。在地形条件适宜或岸线不足时可建这种港池。其优点是：可延长码头岸线，多建泊位;掩护条件较好。缺点是：开挖土方量较大;在含砂量大的地方易受泥砂回淤的影响;在寒冷地区封冻时间较长。

　　锚地

　　专供船舶(船队)在水上停泊及进行各种作业的水域。如装卸锚地、停泊锚地、避风锚地、引水锚地及检疫锚地等。装卸锚地为船舶在水上过驳的作业锚地;停泊锚地包括到离港锚地、供船舶等待靠码头、侯潮和编解队(河港)等用的锚地。避风锚地指供船舶躲避风浪时的锚地，小船避风须有良好的掩护。检疫锚地为外籍船舶到港后进行卫生检疫的锚地，有时也和引水、海关签证等共用。

　出仓报关

　　出仓报关分出口报关和进El报关两种情况。

　　(1)出口报关：提交报关必需的单证和仓库经营企业填制的“出口簟管仓库货物出仓清单”。

　　(2)进口报关：离开出白监管仓库，进入我国国内市场，那么要办理的进口报关手续，与保税仓库的情况是一样的。

　　①出库用于加工贸易：加工贸易企业或其代理人按加工贸易货物的报关程序办理进口报关手续。

　　②出库作为特定免税的货物：按特定减免税的报关程序办理进口报关手续。

　　③出库进入国内市场的货物：按一般进口货物的报关程序办理进口报关手续。

3类危险品属于易燃液体，只要说是3类危险品那么这个货物一定是液体，不可能是固体。
3类危险品可以海运拼箱也可以海运整柜，具体需要看具体港口和有多少货物。
3类危险品需要船边直装，危险品的箱子里面只要有3类危险品，那这个柜子就需要船边直装的。
危险品属性和其他货物不冲突，不要把算碱装一起就可以！像4.1类和8类是不能同时装在一个集装箱里面的，8类酸性和碱性也是不能装一个集装箱里面的。
到仁川港货物没有到釜山港那么多,最小方数要求是3个方，不足3个方的时也要按照3个方来算,目的港也要按照3个方来付目的港费用。
到釜山港的货物相对而言对多一些，所以最小方要求是2方起，釜山港，东北亚枢纽。
危险品出口到釜山港有以下要求：
需要打托出运，需要贴好危标，需要贴好唛头
危险品拼箱到釜山港最小方要求2方。需要提前两周订舱。
3类危险品需要船边直装，常见的有UN1993,UN1170,UN1263,UN3269,UN1133等等都是3类危险品的UN.
所有的危险品都有UN编号，在MSDS第十四项运输信息上面就有UN,CLASS信息。
上海港区韩国的船都靠泊在外港，但是3类危险品由于需要船边直装，需要把柜子先送到洋山危库，
危库等船靠泊以后再安排监管的车辆把柜子送到港区去。

卡塔尔港口：哈卢勒岛港口是卡塔尔港口之一，港口代码为QAHAI，是中东线的重要枢纽。
港口名 哈卢勒岛 HALUL ISLAND 港口代码 QAHAI 主要港口 非主要 国家/地区代码 QA 国家/地区 卡塔尔 国家/地区英文名称 QATAR 航线名称 中东线 哈卢勒岛港口没有港口节假日，工作时间每天持续24小时。
锚地位于哈罗尔岛的东面，中心位置对准哈罗尔灯塔267度，距离3.7公里，水深24.38米，锚底为砂质。从公海可直接到哈罗尔岛的东面锚地。
哈卢勒岛港口服务设施只有小汽艇，其他全无，最近机场在多哈〔DOHA〕机场。

感觉自从有了朋友圈之后，大家都变成了全球问题专家。
但转来转去的文章都是“贸易战开打”、“中国反击”这样媒体不嫌事大的标题。
在得出贸易战已经开始的结论之前，我们应当还原一下昨晚在白宫到底发生了什么。
我从白宫首页上down下了昨晚特朗普在签署行政备忘录之前的演讲全文，做了一些评论，分享给大家。
点击文末的阅读原文可以去白宫网站上看原文。
Diplomatic Room12:45 P.M. EDTTHE PRESIDENT:  Well, thank you everybody.  This hasbeen long in the making.  You’ve heard many, many speeches by me and talksby me, and interviews where I talk about unfair trade practices.  We’velost, over a fairly short period of time, 60,000 factories in our country —closed, shuttered, gone.  Six million jobs, at least, gone.  And nowthey’re starting to come back.  You see what’s happening with Chrysler,with Foxconn, with so many other companies wanting to come back into the UnitedStates.
（特朗普专门提到了富士康Foxconn，应该指的是去年下半年传出富士康会在威斯康星投资一百亿美元建LCD液晶屏厂的新闻。然而富士康还要登陆A股呢，一个是要它投资，一个是帮它融资，你说它会向着谁？）
But we have one particular problem.  And I view them as afriend; I have tremendous respect for President Xi.  We have a greatrelationship.  They’re helping us a lot in North Korea.  And that’sChina.
（特朗普提到在朝鲜事件上中国帮助了美国很多，之前所谓美国绕开中国和朝鲜接触的说法应该是不成立的）
But we have a trade deficit, depending on the way you calculate,of $504 billion.  Now, some people would say it’s really $375billion.  Many different ways of looking at it, but any way you look atit, it is the largest deficit of any country in the history of our world. It’s out of control.We have a tremendous intellectual property theft situation goingon, which likewise is hundreds of billions of dollars.  And that’s on ayearly basis.  I’ve spoken to the President.  I’ve spoken torepresentatives of China.  We’ve been dealing with it very seriously.
（从贸易逆差说到知识产权问题，后面特别提到和中国领导人和代表都有沟通，双方都在非常认真地对待此事。注意，这是第一次提到双方在沟通。）
As you know, we’re renegotiating NAFTA.  We’ll see how thatturns out.  Many countries are calling to negotiate better trade dealsbecause they don’t want to have to pay the steel and aluminum tariffs. And we are negotiating with various countries — Mr. Lighthizer, Mr. Ross.
（映证了之前对钢铁和铝产品征税只是声东击西，先给一鞭子再豁免，为的是稳住其他贸易伙伴，再集中力量对付中国。川普这招666）
We are just starting a negotiation with the European Unionbecause they’ve really shut out our country to a large extent.  They havebarriers that — they can trade with us but we can’t trade with them. They’re very strong barriers.  They have very high tariffs.  Wedon’t.  It’s just not fair.NAFTA has been a very bad deal for the United States, but we’llmake it better or we’ll have to do something else.  The deal we have withSouth Korea is a very one-sided deal.  It’s a deal that has to be changed.
（背景补充：特朗普刚签署了对韩国的贸易关税豁免。）
So we have a lot of things happening.  But in particular,with China, we’re going to be doing a Section 301 trade action.  It couldbe about $60 billion but that’s really just a fraction of what we’re talkingabout.
（600亿美元这个数字第一次出现，特朗普表示这还只是个开始。大部分媒体那些扎眼的标题都是从这里出来的。）
I’ve been speaking with the highest Chinese representatives,including the President, and I’ve asked them to reduce the trade deficitimmediately by $100 billion.  It’s a lot.  So that would be anywherefrom 25 percent, depending on the way you figure, to maybe something even morethan that.  But we have to do that.
（第二次提到和中国的沟通，包括领导人和代表。）
The word that I want to use is “reciprocal.”  When theycharge 25 percent for a car to go in, and we charge 2 percent for their car tocome into the United States, that’s not good.  That’s how China rebuiltitself.  The tremendous money that we’ve paid since the founding of theWorld Trade organization — which has actually been a disaster for us. It’s been very unfair to us.  The arbitrations are very unfair.  Thejudging has been very unfair.  And knowingly, we always have a minorityand it’s not fair.
（Reciprocal是互惠的意思，这个词后面还会反复出现。特朗普直指中国进口汽车的高关税，不过就算美国对中国进口汽车只征收2%的税，进口量有多少？）
So we’re talking to World Trade, we’re talking to NAFTA, we’retalking to China, we’re talking to the European Union.  And I will say,every single one of them wants to negotiate.  And I believe that, in manycases — maybe all cases — we’ll end up negotiating a deal.
（每一次的沟通，不管是和NAFTA，中国，还是欧洲，最后都会协商一个deal！划重点！协商一个deal才是最终目的！）
So we’ve spoken to China and we’re in the midst of a very largenegotiation.  We’ll see where it takes us.  But in the meantime, weare sending a Section 301 action.  I’ll be signing it right here, rightnow.  I’d like to ask Bob Lighthizer to say a few words about the 301 andwhere we are in that negotiation.
（重点来了！特朗普明确表示，正在和中国方面沟通，正在进行一个大型谈判！所以现在动用301，只是为了给谈判中加些砝码！）
And we’re doing things for this country that should have beendone for many, many years.  We’ve had this abuse by many other countriesand groups of countries that were put together in order to take advantage ofthe United States, and we don’t want that to happen.  We’re not going tolet that happen.  It’s probably one of the reasons I was elected; maybeone of the main reasons.  But we’re not going to let that happen.
（废话连篇）
We have, right now, an $800 billion trade deficit with theworld.  So think of that.  So let’s say we have 500 to 375, but let’ssay we have 500 with China, but we have 800 total with the world.  Thatwould mean that China is more than half.  So we’re going to get it takencare of.  And, frankly, it’s going to make us a much stronger, much richernation.
（美国贸易逆差一般是对中国的，这是事实，但减少逆差就能让美国更强大更富有，哥们你确定吗？如果没有中国制造的诸多商品，你确定美国人民能过上更好的日子？）
The word is “reciprocal.”  That’s the word I want everyoneto remember.  We want reciprocal — mirror.  Some people call it amirror tariff or a mirror tax.  Just use the word reciprocal.  Ifthey charge us, we charge them the same thing.  That’s the way it’s got tobe.  That’s not the way it is.  For many, many years — for manydecades, it has not been that way.
（可能是觉得Reciprocal这个词太复杂了，不符合他的用词习惯，此处还用了一个根本不是同义词的mirror。）
And I will say, the people we’re negotiating with — smilingly,they really agree with us.  I really believe they cannot believe they’vegotten away with this for so long.
（再次强调，美国在和各路人等谈判协商。）
I’ll talk to Prime Minister Abe of Japan and others — great guy,friend of mine — and there will be a little smile on their face.  And thesmile is, “I can’t believe we’ve been able to take advantage of the UnitedStates for so long.”  So those days are over.
（很怀疑安倍的笑容会是在说，啊没想到我们可以占美国这么久的便宜……他的笑容更可能会是幸灾乐祸吧——啊当年美日贸易战我们被搞得那么惨，现在也轮到中国了哈哈哈）
Ambassador Lighthizer, thank you.AMBASSADOR LIGHTHIZER:  Well, thank you very much, Mr.President.  First of all, for those of you who don’t know, Section 301 isa statute that gives substantial power, authority to the President to correctactions in certain circumstances where there’s unfair acts, policies, orpractices by our trading partners.
（现任贸易代表莱特希泽，一个强硬派，废话不多，直接说明301调查的含义。）
In this case, the area is technology.  Technology isprobably the most important part of our economy.  There’s 44 millionpeople who work in high-tech knowledge areas.  No country has as muchtechnology-intensive industry as the United States.  And technology isreally the backbone of the future of the American economy.
（揭晓答案，真正贸易战针对的是根本不是大宗商品，而是科技领域。因为中国的科技发展威胁到美国了。）
Given these problems, the President asked USTR to conduct astudy.  We conducted a thorough study.  We had hearings.  Wereviewed tens of thousands of pages of documents.  We talked to many, manybusiness people.  We had testimony, as I say.
（针对中国知识产权和科技领域的301调查其实是去年8月就开始的，迄今半年过去了，是时候得出结论了。）
And we concluded that, in fact, China does have a policy offorced technology transfer; of requiring licensing at less than economic value;of state capitalism, wherein they go in and buy technology in the United Statesin non-economic ways; and then, finally, of cyber theft.
（中国想在科技领域弯道超车，肯定得有些上不了台面的招数啊。否则美国人会将科技领先的位置拱手相让吗？至少我去一些重点实验室调研的时候，教授们也表示想走正规渠道从美国带回些仪器来简直是不可能的啊。）
The result of this has been that the President has analyzed it —we have a 200-page study which we will put out — and he has concluded that weshould put in place tariffs on appropriate products — we can explain later howwe concluded what products they are; that we would put investment restrictionson China with respect to high technology; and that we’ll file a WTO case. Because one of the actions here does involve a WTO violation.
（美国并没有完全放弃WTO，还有一个case会在WTO体系下去投诉中国。）
This is an extremely important action, very significant and veryimportant for the future of the country, really, across industries.  And Iwould really like to thank you very much, Mr. President, for giving me theopportunity to work on it.
（呵呵。最后拍老板一下马屁，感谢给工作啊。）
THE PRESIDENT:  Thank you very much, Bob.  SecretaryRoss.SECRETARY ROSS:  Intellectual property rights are ourfuture, and it’s no accident that in June of this year, the U.S. Patent andTrademark Office will issue its 10 millionth patent — 10 million patents. There’s no country in the history of the world that remotely approaches that.
（在科技领域更重要的是专利，是知识产权，这是美国目前的镇国之宝了。）
So the steel and aluminum actions we’ve taken deal more or lesswith the present.  This action on intellectual property rights deals withthe future.  So we’re trying to solve both today’s problem and problemsthat otherwise will be forthcoming.  That’s why these actions are soimportant and so important in unison with each other.  We will end upnegotiating these things, rather than fighting over them, in my view.
（再次揭露重点——钢铁和铝产品的关税是为了现在，而针对知识产权的贸易行动是为了未来。美国人很清楚如果让中国在科技领域迎头赶上，结果是什么。但最后一句也值得玩味——美国会和对手谈判协商这些事情，而不是fighting。）
THE PRESIDENT:  Mike Pence, would you like to saysomething?THE VICE PRESIDENT:  Thank you, Mr. President, and to allour honored guests.  Today’s action sends a clear message that thisPresident and our entire administration are determined to put American jobs andAmerican workers first.
（呵呵。）
The action the President will take today under Section 301 alsomakes it clear that the era of economic surrender is over.  The UnitedStates of America is taking targeted and focused action to protect not onlyAmerican jobs, but America’s technology, which will power and drive aninnovation economy for decades to come.
（副总统也来强调一下重点，这次行动压根就不是为了就业，而是为了美国未来几十年的领先地位。）
It is just one more step of a promise made and a promise kept byPresident Trump.THE PRESIDENT:  So we’ll sign right now.  I just wantto let everybody know, just for a second time, that we are in the midst of verymajor and very positive negotiations.  Positive for the United States and,actually, very positive for other countries also.
（特朗普最后一次强调，现在和对手还在谈判中！而且是在一个非常有建设性的谈判中！）
We have some of our great business leaders — and leaders, period— right behind me.  I may ask Marillyn — Lockheed — the leading woman’sbusiness executive in this country, according to many.  And we buybillions and billions of dollars’ worth of that beautiful F-35.  It’sstealth.  You cannot see it.  Is that correct?
（Marillyn是洛克希德马丁——世界第一的武器制造商——的女老板。这个时候把她抬出来，无非是让美国人意识到中国在军事技术领域也可能会借助一些手段赶超美国，这样他们危机感会更强。）
MS. HEWSON:  That’s correct, Mr. President.THE PRESIDENT:  Better be correct.  Right?MS. HEWSON:  Absolutely.THE PRESIDENT:  Marillyn, please say a few words.MS. HEWSON:  Well, thank you, Mr. President.  I wouldjust say that this is a very important moment for our country, in that we areaddressing what is a critical area for the aerospace and defense industry, andthat is protecting our intellectual property.  As has been expressed, thatis a threat to us if we have that stolen from our companies, because that isthe lifeblood of our companies.
（让一个中国最不可能从非正常途径获得技术的行业作为代表，也是很讽刺了。）
And so, we very much welcome this action on the part of theTrump administration and the President of the United States.  Thank you.THE PRESIDENT:  Thank you, Marillyn.This is the first of many.  This is number one, but this isthe first of many.(The memorandum is signed.)Thank you all very much.  Marillyn.  Thank you verymuch.MS. HEWSON:  Thank you, Mr. President.Q    Mr. President, would you still like totestify to the Special Counsel, Robert Mueller?THE PRESIDENT:  I would like to.  I would like to.END12:58 P.M. EDTOK。
到这里全部看完了，结论也很清楚了，离贸易战开展还有最后15天。最后强调几个重点：
第一，美国和中国正在谈判，此次签备忘录是一个重磅砝码。因为美国商务部还会有15天的时间去确定关税涉及的商品名单，现在还没有开始征收关税。
第二，科技和知识产权领域才是美国最重视的领域，制造业回流只是一个幌子，钢铁和铝制品的关税更是虚晃一枪。就像现在有的一些客观分析里说的，是中国现在在技术领域的飞速发展让美国产生了深深的戒备之心。九十年代那一轮的知识产权谈判最终带来了中国在文化领域的开放，那这一轮的谈判又会带来什么呢？
第三，静观未来15天的形势变化，不到最后一刻不要随便说贸易战已经开打了。至少中国商务部目前的反制措施完全是针对“钢铁和铝产品关税”这件事的（商务部网站上的标题是《商务部新闻发言人就中方发布针对美国进口钢铁和铝产品232措施的中止减让产品清单发表谈话》），根本没有提到昨晚白宫发生的事情，这背后是留了余地的。